Engineering Tools
Calculators That Show Their Working
Quick, transparent checks for everyday engineering and project-controls questions. Every result shows the formula, units, assumptions and limits it relies on, so you can verify it, not just trust it.
Hydraulics & Piping
Pipe Flow Velocity
Mean velocity of a full-bore flow in a circular pipe from flow rate and internal diameter.
Results
- Velocity
- 1.572m/s
- Flow area
- 176.71cm²
- Flow rate
- 27.78L/s
Method
- A = π·D²/4
- v = Q / A
Assumptions
- Full-bore flow
- Uniform circular internal diameter (use the actual internal diameter, not nominal size)
Limitations
- Does not check erosion, noise, surge or minimum self-cleansing velocity limits — confirm against project piping criteria
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